[USA] “This is Rachel calling from CBC…” how to find out if I owe collector without giving sensitive information?

Started getting robocalls several times a week from CBC. I understand from other posts that they are a legit debt collector and the contact info they leave seems to actually belong to CBC. I don’t have any outstanding debt that I’m aware of, wasn’t notified of any past due payments by any creditors, and the recorded message doesn’t actually say they’re calling me about debt collection. But what else would it be?

If I call the number they leave or go on their website, they want DOB + SSN (last 4) + Phone Number + Email just to check. Legit company or not, it presents exactly like a phishing scam and violates every principle of data security I know.

Is there any way to figure out if I actually had a debt sent to collection without giving them my information? Shouldn’t they be able to tell me something with just my name and phone number (since they already seem to have that)? Why don’t they send me a letter in the mail?

And yes, I realize all of this info has probably been part of some corporate data breach or other in the past, but I still prefer caution.